C. Dolinski et al., Comparative survey of early embryogenesis of Secernentea (Nematoda), with phylogenetic implications, CAN J ZOOL, 79(1), 2001, pp. 82-94
Citations number
67
Categorie Soggetti
Animal Sciences
Journal title
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
Insight into the evolution of class Secernentea (Nematoda) for the purpose
of providing a phylogenetic context for the model Caenorhabditis elegans is
being gained from the use of molecular character sets. Such phylogenies pr
ovide a framework for mapping the evolution of diversity in some early-deve
lopment characters for 70 species and 19 families of Secernentea. These cha
racters include (i) whether AB and P1 blastomeres initially develop at the
same (synchronous) or different (asynchronous) rates, (ii) whether AB and p
i are initially aligned along the linear axis of the embryo (tandem pattern
) or obliquely (rhomboidal pattern), and (iii) whether the founder germ cel
l, P4, is established early, i.e., by the sixth cleavage, or later. Evoluti
onary polarity of characters was evaluated through outgroup comparisons. Fr
om our data the following inferences are made. The derived character, late
establishment of P4, evolved primarily in the ancestor of the monophyletic
groups Diplogastrina, Rhabditina, and Panagrolaimidae. Asynchronous develop
ment is convergent, defining one clade of Tylenchina as well as Cephalobina
, and also arising independently in Aphelenchina. The rhomboidal embryo is
ancestral to the tandem-pattern embryo that defines a second clade of Tylen
china. Early-embryo characters are congruent with the polyphyly of Cephalob
ina and Aphelenchina, as has been demonstrated by molecular phylogenies. Ma
ny aspects of early embryogenesis, rather than being highly conserved, evol
ve at a rate appropriate to defining taxa within Secernentea.