Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults and obstructive sleep apnea

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood illne ss with a prevalence between 3% and 16%. It is characterized by hyperactivi ty, impulsiveness, impairment in academic, social, and occupational functio ning, short attention span, and onset of symptoms before age 7 years. In so me patients, this illness can persist into adulthood. Obstructive sleep apn ea (OSA) is a common disorder affecting 3% of the population and is charact erized by hypersomnolence, snoring, disturbed sleep, and cognitive dysfunct ion. Some studies have suggested an association between OSA and ADHD in chi ldren. Because of the overlap of symptoms, patients with OSA may be conside red to have ADHD. Significant improvement in symptoms has been reported wit h the use of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with OSA. We p resent reports of three adults who were being treated for ADHD and were fou nd to have OSA.