Initiation of stress-corrosion cracking in unidirectional glass/polymer composite materials

The purpose of this research is to determine the resistance to stress-corro sion cracking (SCC) of three unidirectional (pultruded) E-glass/polymer com posites based on modified polyester. epoxy and vinyl ester resins. The comp osites have been subjected to a nitric acid solution of pH 1.2 in a newly d esigned four-point bond fixture. The stress-corrosion process was initiated on the as supplied surfaces of the composites. The process has been monito red for acoustic emissions and the stress-corrosion surface damage in the s pecimens was investigated by the use of scanning electron microscopy. Exper imental results indicate that the stress-corrosion cracks originate predomi nantly from exposed glass fibers on the surfaces of the composites. The pro cess can be successfully monitored by means of acoustic emission equipment. Three stages of SCC, crack initiation, sub-critical crack extension and st able crack propagation, can be distinguished by carefully examining the cur ves of acoustic emission (number of events) versus time. For the first and second stages of SCC, the acoustic emission outputs are linear functions of time. The slopes of the first and second stages of the curves of acoustic emission versus time have been used to determine quantitatively both the re sistance of the composites to crack initiation and sub-critical crack exten sion, respectively. It has been shown in this research that the resistance to the initiation of SCC in nitric acid of the E-glass/vinyl ester composit e is approximately 10 times greater than the E-glass/epoxy composite. Furth ermore, the E-glass/epoxy system exhibits approximately 5 times higher resi stance to the initiation of SCC than the E-glass/modified polyester system. The sub-critical crack extension process is also significantly more rapid in the E-glass;modified polyester than in the E-glass/epoxy composite. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.