This paper focuses on the knowledge representation framework utilized by an
integrated wastewater treatment expert system for diagnosing operational p
roblems of an activated sludge plant. The system deals with events that may
occur in all the units of an activated sludge plant and exploits oil-line
measurements, observations formed from data provided by laboratory analyses
and empirical observations in an integrated manner. The system provides as
sistance to human experts ro control the activated sludge process. It has b
een tested and evaluated in the pilot activated sludge plant of the Water a
nd Air Quality Laboratory in the University of the Aegean.