T. Tsukinoki et H. Tsuzuki, Organic reaction in water. Part 5. Novel synthesis of anilines by zinc metal-mediated chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes, GREEN CHEM, 3(1), 2001, pp. 37-38
Nitroarenes can be reduced in high yields to the corresponding anilines usi
ng zinc metal and NH4Cl in water without any organic solvent at 80 degreesC
with a simple procedure at low cost. The procedure is powerful enough to r
educe sterically hindered 2,6-dimethylnitrobenzene and is chemoselective fo
r nitro groups; ester, amide and halide substituents on aromatic rings are
unaffected.