The first case of human disease due to the thermophilic ascomycete Thermoas
cus taitungiacus (the teleomorph of Paecilomyces taitungiacus) is presented
. T. taitungiacus was recovered from four dialysate fluid specimens of a 57
-year-old patient undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Identification wa
s based upon cylindrical conidia, reddish orange nonostiolate ascomata, lac
k of growth at 20 degreesC, thermotolerance, and ascospores that appeared p
ale yellow, elliptical, thick walled, and predominately echinulate by light
microscopy but irregularly verrucose by scanning electron microscopy.