Citrobacter rodentium, the causative agent of transmissible murine colonichyperplasia, exhibits clonality: Synonymy of C-rodentium and mouse-pathogenic Escherichia coli

Citrobacter rodentium (formerly Citrobacter freundii biotype 4280 and Citro bacter genomospecies 9) was described on the basis of biochemical character ization and DNA-DNA hybridization data and is the only Citrobacter species known to possess virulence factors homologous to those of the human pathoge ns enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, These v irulence factors are encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), a pathogenicity island required for the characteristic attaching and effacin g (AE) pathology seen in infection with these three pathogens. C. rodentium , which apparently infects only mice, provides a useful animal model for st udying the molecular basis of AE pathology. No work has been done to assess differences in pathogenicity between C. rodentium isolates from diverse so urces. Here, we report the examination of 15 C. rodentium isolates using a battery of genetic and biochemical approaches. No differences were observed between the isolates by repetitive-element sequence-based PCR analysis, bi ochemical analysis, and possession of LEE-specific virulence factors. These data suggest that members of the species are clonal. We further characteri zed an atypical E. coli strain from Japan called mouse-pathogenic E. coli ( MPEC) that, in our hands, caused the same disease as C. rodentium. Applying the same battery of tests, we found that MPEC possesses LEE-encoded virule nce factors and is indistinguishable from the previously characterized C. r odentium isolate DBS100. These results demonstrate that MPEC is a misclassi fied C. rodentium isolate and that members of this species are clonal and r epresent the only known attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen of mice.