The psychological ideas of Amos Tversky and their relevance for political science

Amos Tversky died in 1996. Tversky's professional ideas and contributions r evolutionized not only his own field of cognitive psychology, but that of e conomics as well. The purpose of this article is to systematically outline the meaning and potential significance of Tversky's insights for the study of political science. This discussion centers on three specific foci: judgm ent under uncertainty; decision-making under risk; and reason-based choice. Two noteworthy points emerge from this review and analysis. First, Tversky 's work stresses the importance of reason-based choice, whereby individuals actively seek to generate, understand, and justify their decisions. Second , Tversky's work suggests that people do not act even 'as if' they were the value-maximizers they are purported to be by more rationally based theorie s, such as expected utility. Rather, individuals function as problem-solver s who creatively construct their choices and resolve complex problems which require trade-offs between values and goals. In this way, preferences are created, rather than elicited, within the process and context of choice its elf.