Variations in fatty acid composition of neem seeds collected from the Rajasthan state of India

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a multipurpose tree native to the Indian subco ntinent and South-East Asian countries. Products derived from neem have bee n used for centuries, particularly in India, for medicinal and pest-managem ent purposes. Azadirachtin and neem oil are the two major commercially impo rtant products derived from the tree. The oil contains palmitic, stearic, o leic and linoleic acids in good proportion. Although there is growing deman d for quality planting material for plantation of neem, efforts are lacking for the selection of neem trees based on their biochemical composition. In the present study, 60 Neem seed samples mere collected from different prov inances of the Rajasthan state in India. These samples were analysed by GLC to study the variability of fatty acid composition. Significant variabilit y in individual fatty acids was observed. The palmitic acid ranged from 16 to 34 %, stearic acid from 6 to 24 %, oleic acid from 25 to 58 % and linole ic acid from 6 to 17 %,. This variability can be exploited for selection of trees and for studying the genetic variability in neem. These selections c an also be utilized for genetic improvement of the tree.