Fatal sepsis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a serious, but rare infectious complication a fter allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. We describe a case of fatal se psis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis after allogeneic bone marrow transpl antation for Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL. The diagnosis was made a fter BAL. Although broad-spectrum antituberculous therapy was started immed iately after diagnosis, blood cultures became positive for Mycobacterium tu berculosis. The patient developed severe pyrexias and finally died of multi -organ failure. Rapid progression of mycobacterial infection should he cons idered in patients post BMT with unexplained fever, particularly in patient s from endemic areas.