The economic impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Canadian hospitals

OBJECTIVES: To determine the costs associated with the management of hospit alized patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an d to estimate the economic burden associated with MRSA in Canadian hospital s. DESIGN: Patient-specific costs were used to determine the attributable cost of MRSA associated with excess hospitalization and concurrent treatment. E xcess hospitalization for infected patients was identified using the Approp riateness Evaluation Protocol, a criterion-based chart review process to de termine the need for each day of hospitalization. Concurrent treatment cost s were identified through chart review for days in isolation, anti-microbia l therapy, and MRSA screening tests. The economic burden to Canadian hospit als was estimated based on 3,167,521 hospital discharges for 1996 and 1997 and an incidence of 4.12 MRSA cases per 1,000 admissions. SETTING: A tertiary-care, university-affiliated teaching hospital in Toront o, Ontario, Canada. PATIENTS: Inpatients with at least one culture yielding MRSA between April 1996 and March 1998. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients with MRSA infections and 79 colonized patie nts (with 94 admissions) were identified. This represented a rate of 2.9 MR SA cases per 1,000 admissions. The mean number of additional hospital days attributable to MRSA infection was 14, with 11 admissions having at least 1 attributable day. The total attributable cost to treat MRSA infections was $287,200, or $14,360 per patient. The cost for isolation and management of colonized patients was $128,095, or $1,363 per admission. Costs for MRSA s creening in the hospital were $109,813. Assuming an infection rate of 10% t o 20%, we determined the costs associated with MRSA in Canadian hospitals t o be $42 million to $59 million annually. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that there is a substantial economic bu rden associated with MRSA in Canadian hospitals. These costs will continue to rise if the incidence of MRSA increases further (Infect Control Hosp Epi demiol 2001;22:99-104).