The NIST Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory works with industry,
standards bodies, universities, and other government laboratories to improv
e the nation's measurements and standards infrastructure for materials. An
increasingly important component of this effort is carried out at the NIST
Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), at present the most productive center o
f its kind in the United States. This article gives a brief historical acco
unt of the growth and activities of the Center with examples of its work in
major materials research areas and describes the key role the Center can e
xpect to play in future developments.