Genetic mechanisms in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

This review aims to explore the genetic mechanisms involved in the developm ent of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The epidemiolo gy of SCCHN is complex due to the multiple molecular events that occur and the number of environmental agents to which individuals may have been expos ed. It is clear that the major aetiological agents are tobacco and alcohol but it is also becoming apparent that other factors such as an underlying g enetic susceptibility may also be important. An inherited predisposition ma y occur as a consequence of increased mutagen sensitivity, inability to met abolize carcinogens or procarcinogens or repair DNA damage. The current adv ances in understanding of the roles of somatic mutations: viral infection a nd angiogenesis are discussed. The final part bf this review focuses on the way in which molecular changes may be used for prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of SCCHN. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved .