A generic eel of behaviors is described for devices so that they can b
e reliably and readily used as subsystems in an automated systems envi
ronment. The automated systems discussed here are constructed of multi
ple functional subsystems, arrayed hierarchically under a system super
visor. Such systems are typical of those popularly deployed in the che
mical laboratory. These systems have had mixed success in the analytic
al chemistry arena, largely because they are difficult to construct-in
tegrate-and because it is difficult to engineer them to operate reliab
ly. The behaviors described in this article are intended to make devic
es more simple to integrate as subsystems into a system and to ensure
they will operate reliably in that role. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, I
nc.