Cation diffusion characteristics in MgO-doped LiNbO3 during Ti diffusion

MgO addition in LiNbO3 single crystals is being actively studied for the us age in optical waveguides because of the resistance against optical damage. MgO was added as a dopant during the powder preparation of LiNbO3. Ti film s were prepared by e-beam evaporation at room temperature on the mechanical ly polished Z surface of MgO-doped LiNbO3 crystals. After Ti him deposition , Ti was in-diffused by annealing. It was observed that Ti diffusion charac teristic is strongly influenced by annealing temperature. During Ti diffusi on, Li which was influenced by Ti diffusion, diffused out. In the case of M g, however, its behavior was different from those of Ti and Li, and Mg made an accumulation layer near the surface of LiNbO3, (C) 2001 Elsevier Scienc e B.V. All rights reserved.