Automobile parking garages can be partially open or fully enclosed. Partial
ly open garages are typically above-grade with open sides and generally do
not need mechanical ventilation. However, fully enclosed parking garages ar
e usually underground and require mechanical ventilation. Indeed, in the ab
sence of ventilation, enclosed parking facilities present several indoor ai
r quality problems. The most serious is the emission of high levels of carb
on monoxide (CO) by cars within the parking garages. Other concerns related
to enclosed garages are the presence of oil and gasoline fumes, and other
contaminants such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke haze from diesel en
gines.