Vascular endothelial growth factor in ovarian cyst fluid

BACKGROUND. The purpose of the current study was to determine vascular endo thelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations in cyst fluid from malignant, b orderline, and benign ovarian tumors, and to correlate these data with preo perative serum VEGF concentrations and clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS, One hundred seven ovarian cysts were removed and punctured for cys t fluid collection. Histologic diagnosis revealed 25 malignant, 12 borderli ne, and 70 benign ovarian tumors. The VEGF concentrations of all the cyst f luid specimens as well as in 37 preoperatively collected serum samples were determined by making use of a sandwich type double determinant enzyme link ed immunoadsorbent assay based on a combination of 4 polyclonal antibodies. RESULTS. Statistically significantly higher VEGF concentrations were found in cyst fluid from malignant (median, 21.5 mug/L) compared with borderline (median, 3.2 mug/L; P = 0.01) or benign tumors (median, 1.3 mug/L: P < 0.00 01). Preoperative serum VEGF concentrations were significantly higher in pa tients with malignant (median, 0.63 <mu>g/L; range, 0.016-17.7 mug/L) compa red with nonmalignant tumors (median, 0.28 mug/L; range, 0.016-0.89 mug/L; P = 0.008). A significant correlation of preoperative serum VEGF was found with VEGF cyst fluid concentrations (r = 0.38; P = 0.02). Significantly hig her VEGF cyst fluid concentrations were found in serous malignant (median, 31.9 mug/L) compared with mucinous malignant tumors (median, 4.7 mug/L; P = 0.004). Not significant, though higher median VEGF cyst fluid concentratio ns were found in advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstet rics (FIGO) Stage II, III, and IV, histologic Grade 2 and 3, patients with residual tumor greater than 2 cm, with malignant cells in ascites or perito neal washings, or with recurrent disease, as compared with FIGO Stage I, hi stologic grade 1, patients with less than or equal to 2-cm residual tumor, without malignant cells in ascites/peritoneal washings, or without recurren t disease, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. It has become clear from the increased study sample that ovari an tumors of different histologic etiology vary in VEGF cyst fluid concentr ations, with the highest VEGF cyst fluid concentrations in malignant tumors . The prognostic significance of VEGF cyst fluid concentrations in advanced FIGO stage seems to be of limited value but may be important in the select ion of high risk FIGO Stage I and borderline types. Data from this study in dicate a possible role for VEGF as a serum tumor marker. (C) 2001 American Cancer Society.