W. Schneider et al., Developmental bends in children's memory monitoring - Evidence from a judgment-of-learning task, COGN DEV, 15(2), 2000, pp. 115-134
Two experiments were conducted to explore young children's memory monitorin
g abilities on a judgment-of-learning (JOL) task. Recent research on adults
' JOLs has shown that predictions about subsequent recall for items that ha
ve been recently studied have never been very accurate immediately after le
arning but have been very accurate when judgments were delayed. One of the
major goals of the present studies was to investigate whether the delayed-J
OL effect could be observed in children of different ages. A secondary goal
of the study was to compare individual-item JOLs with aggregate JOLs based
on all items of a given list. If young children possess basic monitoring s
kills, both their delayed JOLs and their aggregate judgments should be comp
arably realistic. Our two experiments confirmed this assumption for all age
groups involved (kindergartners, second and fourth graders). That is, JOLs
were much more accurate when given after a delay of about 2 min than immed
iately after study, and overconfidence was typically larger for item-by-ite
m JOLs than for aggregate-item JOLs. In fact, the pattern of findings for t
he older school children was very similar to that found for adults. Overall
, these findings support the position that developmental trends in children
's procedural metamemory are not due to differences in basic monitoring ski
lls but attributable to developmental changes concerning the interplay betw
een monitoring and self-regulation activities. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science In
c. All rights reserved.