From July 25 to October 1, 1999, 826 patients were admitted to Volgograd Re
gion, Russia, hospitals with acute aseptic meningoencephalitis, meningitis,
or fever consistent with arboviral infection. Of 84 cases of meningoenceph
alitis, 40 were fatal. Fourteen brain specimens were positive in reverse tr
anscriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays, confirming the presence of We
st Nile/Kunjin virus.