Electrical charge-trapping characteristics have been studied in thermal oxi
des that were implanted,vith Si, experimentally using electron spin resonan
ce (ESR), capacitance versus voltage (CV) measurements, transmission electr
on microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and theoretically with
Density Functional Theory (DFT) using plane waves. Our study examines possi
ble defect structures associated with excess Si in thermal oxides.