The nature of optical excitations near the band gap of lanthanum oxide
, aluminum phosphate and lanthanum phosphate is studied using first pr
inciples cluster and band structure methods. It is shown that absorpti
on near the band edge in phosphates involves excitations from the phos
phate-like bonding states near the top of the valence band (VB) to the
phosphate-like anti-bonding states near the bottom of the conduction
band (CB).