Mechanical comparison of endosteal substitution and lateral plate fixationin supracondylar fractures of the femur

Objective: To assess for improved rigidity with the addition of a medial en dosteal plate to laterally prated supracondylar femoral fractures. Design: A randomized paired study in a supracondylar femoral fracture model comparing two fixation methods tested cyclically in axial and torsional lo ading. Methods: One-centimeter supracondylar gap osteotomies were created in twent y synthetic femurs approximately six centimeters proximal to the knee joint . Ten were stabilized with a lateral eight-hole buttress prate alone, and t en were secured by a similar lateral buttress plate plus a medial endosteal eight-hole dynamic compression plate. Group 1 (n = 5; lateral plate alone) and Group 2 (n = 5; lateral and endosteal plates) were axially loaded up t o 700 newtons through a materials test system for three cycles. A displacem ent transducer detected movement at the medial fracture gap. Group 3 (n = 5 ; lateral plate alone) and Group 4 (n = 5 lateral and endosteal prates) wer e tested in torsion. A rod-and-pulley system created an external rotation t orque up to twenty Newton-meters for three cycles. A rotary potentiometer m easured angular displacement. Results: Lateral buttress plating with endost eal substitution showed statistically significant decreased motion at the f racture site in torsional (p < 0.004) and axial loading (p < 0.0001) versus lateral buttress plating alone using Student's t test. Conclusion: The addition of a 4.5-millimeter endosteal plate to a lateral b uttress plate provides significantly increased stability, as compared with lateral plating alone in a femoral supracondylar fracture model during simu lated axial and torsional loading. Neither fixation construct, however, res tored the torsional stability of the distal femur to its preinjury (intact) level.