Resonant Raman detection of macular pigment levels in the living human retina

We have used resonant Raman scattering as a novel, noninvasive in vivo opti cal technique to measure the concentration of macular carotenoid pigments i n the living human retina. Using a backscattering geometry and resonant mol ecular excitation in the visible, we measure the Raman peaks that originate from the single-and double-bond stretch vibrations of the pi -conjugated m olecule's carbon backbone. The Raman signals scale linearly with carotenoid content, whereas the required laser excitation is well under safety limits for macular exposure. The Raman technique is objective and quantitative an d may lead to a new method for rapid screening of carotenoid pigment levels in large human populations that are at risk for vision loss from age-relat ed macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness of the elderly in t he United States. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS coder;: 170.3890 , 170.4470, 160.4890, 290.5860, 300.6450, 330.4300.