A new insight into the relaxation observed in dynamical spectra near struct
ural-glass transformations is given. The following restricted-diffusion uni
versal mechanisms are established: in polymers alpha -relaxation is driven
by subdiffusion controlled by random fields, and in liquids beta -relaxatio
n is realized through long-time-waiting random jumps. (C) 2001 Elsevier sci
ence B.V. All rights reserved.