Physical activity in the prevention of cardiovascular disease - An epidemiological perspective

This review of the epidemiological evidence regarding physical activity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) provides substantial evidence from many diffe rent populations that leisure time physical activity is associated with red uced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular mortality in b oth men and women and in middle-aged and older individuals. Physical activi ty appears to be a critical factor in both primary and secondary prevention of CHD. The studies indicate a dose-response relationship between overall physical activity and CVD, which is linear at least up to a certain level o f activity. Prospective studies suggest that physical activity is also asso ciated with reduced risk of stroke. The mechanisms underlying the protectiv e effect of physical activity on CVD are still unclear. In recent years, th e view that physical activity has to be vigorous to achieve a reduction in risk of CHD has been questioned. Overall. the evidence points to the benefi t of continued regular moderate physical activity which does not need to be strenuous or prolonged and includes daily leisure activities such as walki ng or gardening which are readily attainable by large sections of the popul ation. Taking up regular light or moderate physical activity in middle or o lder age confers significant benefit for CVD and all-cause mortality.