NUTRITION AND THE IMMUNE-SYSTEM

Nutrition is an important factor for the normal functions of the immun e system. This interrelationship has been demonstrated in various clin ical studies. However, there are currently only few data available on the mechanisms by which excess or deficiency of energy and single nutr ients may affect the immune system. This review summarizes the present knowledge on how energy, proteins, carbohydrates including alcohol as well as lipids may affect immune mechanisms. In addition, the functio ns of micronutrients (vitamin A, D, E, C, B6, iron, zinc, selenium) fo r the immune system as well as the consequences of single nutrient def iciencies and of micronutrient supplementation are discussed. In concl usion, an adequate nutrition facilitates the normal functioning of the immune system and may reduce the risks of immunologically mediated di seases.