Microarrays have emerged as indispensable research tools for gene expressio
n profiling and mutation analysis. New classification of cancer subtypes, d
issecting the yeast metabolism and large-scale genotyping of human single n
ucleotide polymorphisms are important results being obtained with this tech
nique. Realizing the microsphere-based massively parallel signature sequenc
ing technique as fluid microarrays, building new types of protein arrays an
d constructing miniaturized flow-through systems, which can potentially tak
e this technology from the research bench into industrial, clinical and oth
er routine applications, exemplify the intense developments that are now on
going in this field.