Pseudomyxoma peritonei is an unusual condition more common in females, in w
hich massive amounts of mucinous ascites in conjunction with mucinous perit
oneal and omental implants occur. We performed a MEDLINE search of the Engl
ish-language literature from 1966 to June 2000, utilizing the key words pse
udomyxoma peritonei, All case reports, series and studies regarding this co
ndition were reviewed. Cross-referencing was also performed. The etiology a
nd treatment of this condition are currently controversial. Most investigat
ors agree that surgical debulking and appendectomy are adequate initial the
rapeutic measures. The role of intraperitoneal chemotherapy, radiotherapy o
r application of mucolytic therapy remains uncertain. Recent molecular gene
tic studies suggest the appendix as the organ of primary origin of this dis
ease. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.