Focusing hard X-ray with a single lens

We show that a 10 keV X-ray has been focused into 3.4-8.4 mum at a focal le ngth F = 0.4-1.5 m with a single refractive lens and such X-ray microbeams: can be generated in array. For the beam from a synchrotron radiation sourc e, which typically had a diameter phi = 100 mum, transmissions of our lense s were measured to be T = 54-85%. X-ray imaging of a copper mesh was carrie d out with a magnification of about 5 in one dimension and the imaging reso lution was evaluated to be 0.9 mum. Our lenses have performed well under a flux of 1.1 x 10(11) photons.s(-1).mm(-2), showing no visible damage due to the X-ray exposure.