Models for minimum liquid fluidization velocity of gas-liquid fluidized beds

The gas-perturbed liquid model of Zhang et al. (1995) is modified in an eff ort to improve its prediction of the minimum liquid velocity of fluidizatio n, U-lmf, of a bed of solid particles in the presence of a low or moderate cocurrent flow of gas. Variants of the model are considered where the buoya ncy term is based on the gas-liquid mixture, instead of the liquid alone, a nd with the frictional pressure gradient given by several alternative equat ions to the Ergun equation employed in the original gas-perturbed liquid mo del. All versions of the model provide similar dependence on such factors a s gas velocity, particle diameter, particle density and liquid viscosity as those seen experimentally. The mixture buoyed equation with the drag based on an equation suggested by Foscolo et al. (1983) gives improved predictio ns over the original Zhang et al. (1995) model, but the best overall agreem ent is with buoyancy based on the liquid alone and the first term in the dr ag equation with the Carman (1937) constant of 180 instead of Ergun's 150. The predictions are sensitive to the minimum fluidization voidage, which is measured, assumed, or estimated. Further work is required to investigate m inimum liquid fluidization velocities experimentally for particles of densi ty closer to that of the liquid, and for high-viscosity liquids.