Characterisation of the IGF system in a primary adult human skeletal muscle cell model, and comparison of the effects of insulin and IGF-I on proteinmetabolism
Al. Crown et al., Characterisation of the IGF system in a primary adult human skeletal muscle cell model, and comparison of the effects of insulin and IGF-I on proteinmetabolism, J ENDOCR, 167(3), 2000, pp. 403-415
In an attempt to address the complex and clinically challenging question of
the causes of muscle wasting in patients with cachexia, we have developed
a primary adult human skeletal muscle cell model. The cultured cells were c
haracterised by immunocytochemistry using antibodies to the myofibrillar pr
otein constituents desmin and titin. Myotube formation was confirmed bioche
mically by a fourfold increase in the activity of the muscle-specific enzym
e creatinine kinase, and myoblast withdrawal from the cell cycle, which is
essential for terminal differentiation, was associated with progressive ret
inoblastoma protein dephosphorylation. Having successfully confirmed the ph
enotype of these adult human muscle cells, we assessed their interaction wi
th the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. IGF-I is known to stimulate
myoblast survival, proliferation and differentiation in cell lines, and, l
ike insulin, is a potent anabolic agent in the regulation of protein metabo
lism. We have shown that IGF-I stimulated both replication and differentiat
ion of myoblasts, whilst fibroblast growth factor-2 stimulated replication
but inhibited differentiation. Examining the ICF system during the process
of terminal differentiation, we found that both myoblasts and myotubes expr
essed insulin, IGF-I and insulin-IGF-I hybrid receptors, with the levels of
all three receptor types increasing on differentiation. The cells also pro
duced a wide range of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) including IGFBP-2, IGFB
P-4 and abundant IGFBP-3, which has not been shown to be produced by any ot
her skeletal muscle cell line examined to date. Both insulin and IGF-I had
anabolic effects on myotube protein metabolism at physiological concentrati
ons. Insulin was more potent than IGF-I: use of the IGF analogue long R-3 I
GF-I demonstrated that the effects of exogenous IGF-I on protein metabolism
were not affected by the high levels of endogenous IGFBP production. III s
ummary, we have developed and characterised a clinically relevant in vitro
model with which to address the: aetiology of muscle wasting associated wit
h chronic catabolic conditions, and we anticipate that future work will ena
ble the development of novel, effective therapeutic interventions.