Precipitation recycling over the central United States diagnosed from the GEOS-1 Data Assimilation System

Precipitation recycling has been computed for 15 yr of reanalysis data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-1) Data Assimilation System using monthly mean hydrological da ta and a bulk diagnostic recycling model. This study focuses on the central United States and the extreme summers of 1988 (drought) and 1993 (flood). It is found that the 1988 summer recycling ratio is larger than that of 199 3, and that the 1988 recycling ratio is much larger than average. The 1993 recycling ratio was less than average during the summer, but it was larger than average during the springtime, when the soil was being primed for floo ding. In addition, the magnitude of summertime recycled precipitation was s maller than average in both 1988 and 1993. During the summer of 1993, the e xtremely large moisture transport dominates evaporation as the source of wa ter for the extreme summer precipitation. The diagnosed recycling data show that the recycled precipitation is large when moisture transport is weak a nd convergence and evaporation are large. The analysis identifies the summe r of 1989 as having the largest magnitude of recycled precipitation, result ing from a combination of low moisture transport and high moisture converge nce.