Sea level assimilation experiments in the tropical pacific

Idealized twin experiments with the HOPE ocean model have been used to stud y the ability of sea level data assimilation to correct for errors in a mod el simulation of the tropical Pacific, using the Cooper and Haines method t o project the surface height increments below the surface. This work should be seen in the context of the development of the comprehensive real-time o cean analysis system used at ECMWF for seasonal forecasting, which currentl y assimilates only thermal data. Errors in the model simulation from two sources are studied: those present in the initial state and those generated by errors in the surface forcing d uring the simulation. In the former, the assimilation of sea level data imp roves the convergence of the model toward its twin. Without assimilation co nvergence occurs more slowly on the equator, compared to an experiment usin g only correct surface forcing. With forcing errors present the sea level a ssimilation still significantly reduces the errors almost everywhere. An ex ception was in the central equatorial Pacific where assimilation of sea lev el did not correct the errors. This is mainly due to this region responding rapidly to errors in wind stress forcing and also to relatively large fres hwater flux errors imposed here. These lead to errors in the mixed layer sa linity, which the Cooper and Haines scheme is not designed to correct. It i s argued that surface salinity analyses would strongly complement sea level assimilation here.