Animals engage in a startlingly diverse array of behaviours that depen
d critically on the time of day or the ability to time short intervals
. Timing intervals on the scale of many hours to around a day is media
ted by the circadian timing system, while in the range of seconds to h
ours a different system, known as interval timing, is used, Recent res
earch has illuminated some of the neural mechanisms underlying the 'in
ternal clocks' of these two different timing systems in both animals a
nd humans, Therapeutic applications for humans with impairments in eit
her timing system may ultimately result from these endeavours.