K. Mochizuki et al., Size- and temperature-independent zero-offset current-voltage characteristics of GaInP/GaAs collector-up tunnelling-collector heterojunction bipolar transistors, ELECTR LETT, 37(4), 2001, pp. 252-253
The collector-emitter offset voltage of GaInP/GaAs collector-up tunnelling-
collector heterojunction bipolar transistors (C-up TC-HBTs) was found to be
almost zero (10-14mV) and independent of transistor size and temperature.
These findings indicate that GaInP/GaAs C-up TC-HBTs are strong candidates
for high-efficiency high-power amplifiers.