Accumulation of trifluoroacetate in seasonal wetlands in California

Trifluoroacetate (TFA, CF3COO-) is a stable and mildly phytotoxic breakdown product of several fluorinated organic compounds including the hydro(chlor o)fluorocarbons (HFC/ HCFCs) that have largely replaced the stratospheric o zone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). TFA enters aquatic ecosystems pr imarily through precipitation and has the potential to accumulate in water bodies with little or no outflow to the point where toxic concentrations co uld be achieved. This study demonstrated that seasonal wetlands lacking out flow concentrated TFA as they evaporated during the dry season. in addition , the TFA within the pools was retained between years, which may result in long-term TFA accumulation. Since plants acquire TFA from their growing med ia, the plants exposed to high aqueous concentrations of TFA within the poo ls had elevated TFA concentrations with a median concentration of 279 ng/g dry weight in their tissues as compared to 33 ng/g for species growing outs ide the pools. The highest TFA concentrations in water, which occurred just prior to the pools drying up, were in the 2-10 mug/L range. These concentr ations are approximately 190 or less than reported toxic concentrations for the most sensitive species tested, but our evidence suggests that these co ncentrations will increase with continued TFA deposition into the pools.