According to current regulations, major projects are subject to an environm
ental impact assessment. Within this framework, not only ecological criteri
a have to be met, but also the possible health impact for the exposed popul
ation must assessed. In the absence of limit values for carcinogenic substa
nces in the air, the health impact assessment can be based on quantitative
risk assessment. This technology was formerly developed for the assessment
of cancer risk imposed by existing environmental exposures, but it is also
suitable for the prediction of future exposures and their health consequenc
es. This is demonstrated by using a planned toxic waste incinerator as a mo
del.