Optical space communications is on the verge of becoming a reality, It will
be a key building block for wide-area space data networks of the future. W
e will discuss the critical technology and architecture issues to be addres
sed for; the realization of these systems, and present examples,of high lev
el designs, Design methodologies treating these as complex engineering syst
ems, and the technique to breakdown the systems into interacting but logica
lly separate subsystems for design and analysis, will be suggested. Fundame
ntal limits of performance and avenues for promising future research and de
velopment will be given.