Perceptions of systemic justice: The effects of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice

The literature on organizational justice has identified 3 key components of this process: distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. On the basis of fairness heuristic theory, we reasoned that employees may use perc eptions of these 3 components as a basis for drawing inferences about the f airness of the organization as a whole (i.e., their perceptions of systemic justice). A field study was conducted on a sample of 232 employees working in various organizations. Results show that employees' perceptions of proc edural justice and interactional justice in their organizations positively predicted perceptions of systemic justice (i.e., that the organization was fair overall). Perceptions of distributive justice, however, did not predic t perceptions of systemic justice. Practical implications of these findings are discussed.