ERK phosphorylation drives cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP-K and inhibition of mRNA translation

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) is one of a family of 2 0 proteins that are involved in transcription and post-transcriptional mess enger RNA metabolism. The mechanisms that underlie regulation of hnRNP-K ac tivities remain largely unknown. Here we show that cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP-K is phosphorylation-dependent. Mitogen-activated protein kinase/ extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) efficiently phosphorylates hnRNP-K both in vitro and in vivo at serines 284 and 353. Serum stimulatio n or constitutive activation of ERK kinase (MEK1),results in phosphorylatio n and cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP-K. Mutation at ERK phosphoacceptor sites in hnRNP-K abolishes the ability to accumulate in the cytoplasm and r enders the protein incapable of regulating translation of mRNAs that have a differentiation-control element (DICE) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) . Similarly, treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of the ERK pathway abolishes cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP-K and attenuates inhibition of mRNA translation. Our results establish the role of MAPK/ERK in phosphoryla tion-dependent cellular localization of hnRNP-K, which is required for its ability to silence mRNA translation.