Increased urinary uronic acid excretion in experimentally-induced renal papillary necrosis in rats

We have evaluated the potential of urinary uronic acid measurement as an ea rly indicator in the development of renal papillary necrosis (RPN). Urinary uronic acid was quantified with a range of other urinary biochemical param eters in rats given multiple doses of N-phenylanthranilic acid (NPAA) or me fenamic acid (MFA), each of which induces a dose-related papillary necrosis . In addition, histological examination was also carried out to confirm the development and presence of RPN. NPAA was administered to male wistar rats at p.o. doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg and MFA at p.o. doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg on days 1-4 and 8-11, and urine samples were collected for 1 6 hours each day. NPAA increased uronic acid excretion two-fold for both me dium and high doses from day four. MFA increased uronic acid excretion to t wo and a half-fold by day 10 in the highest dose administered. Urinary crea tinine was equally elevated in a dose-related manner following treatment wi th either NPAA or MFA. None of the other routine markers (urinary or serum) of nephrotoxicity showed any statistical changes. NPAA produced a dose- an d time-related increase in excretion of uronic acid. Evidence of widespread papillary necrosis was seen histologically at the high doses of NPAA or MF A. The significant elevation of uronic acid in urine following treatment wi th either NPAA or MFA was well ahead of the development of RPN detectable b y routine histology, suggesting that uronic acid measurement could serve as an early indicator of RPN. The assessment of urinary uronic acid may there fore provide a novel sensitive and selective marker of identifying the lesi on earlier than is currently possible. An increase in urinary uronic acid f ollowing NPAA and MFA treatment supports the biochemical basis of these cha nges as a representative of acid mucopolysaccharides accumulation.