Fluid flow behaviour in a water model tundish under open, submerged and modified inlet conditions

A systematic study has been conducted on the fluid-flow behaviour in in a t wo-strand continuous casting model tundish under conditions of submerged en try nozzle (SEN) and open entry nozzle (OEN) with different levels of water in tundish. Flow has been characterised from the profiles of tracer respon ses at the tundish outlets. 2 configurations of entry nozzle, one the conve ntional straight tube (for SEN and OEN) and the other T-shaped (for SEN onl y), were employed. Flow in the slag layer has been simulated by monitoring the tracer responses on the surface at 250, 500 and 750 mm away from the st ream entry. It has been found that the lower the immersion depth of nozzle, the lower the inclusion level in the melt. Similarly a T-shaped entry nozz le into the tundish also produces a cleaner melt and improves flow patterns in the vessel.