The circadian variation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) was studied
in 67 patients who received a dual-chamber pacemaker 3 months before a plan
ned atrioventricular node ablation. A distinct circadian variation of AF wa
s observed with 2 time peaks in initiation (1 in the early morning and 1 in
the early evening hours), which was modulated by atrial pacing, the durati
on of AF, and the use of beta -adrenergic blocking agents.