Acute colonic perforation associated with colorectal cancer

Our purpose was to evaluate long-term outcome in patients presenting with a cute colonic perforation in the setting of colorectal cancer. We conducted a retrospective review of 48 consecutive patients presenting with acute col onic perforation associated with colorectal cancer at a single institution. Patients presented either with free air or acute peritonitis. No patients with colonic obstruction were included. Forty-eight patients presented with colon perforation. Thirty-six had perforation at the tumor, 11 proximal to the tumor, and one distal to the primary tumor. Patients who perforated pr oximal to the tumor were older (74.5 +/- 2 vs 64.7 +/- 3; P < 0.04) and had a longer length of stay (46.8 +/- 17 vs 11.6 +/- 1 P < 0.001). Fourteen pa tients had stage II disease, 19 stage III, and 15 stage IV. Thirty-day mort ality was 14 per cent (n = 7) with nine in-hospital deaths. Of 30-day survi vors 29 (60%) had curative resection (21 with local perforation and nine wi th proximal perforation). Of these 14 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Eleve n patients (33%) had either unresectable or metastatic disease on explorati on. Mean follow-up was 21.5 months. Ten patients developed metastatic disea se after potentially curative resections. Of these nine patients had perfor ations of the primary tumor. Three patients developed local recurrence and all had local tumor perforations. One-year survival was 55 per cent (n = 16 ), Five-year disease-free survival was 14 per cent (n = 4). There were no l ong-term survivors after perforation proximal to the tumor, although diseas e stage was comparable in both groups. We conclude that perforation proxima l to a cancer is associated with a higher perioperative mortality and worse long-term outcome when compared with acute perforations at the site of the tumor. Long-term survival requires both aggressive management of the conco mitant sepsis and definitive oncologic surgery.