Cj. Crespo et al., Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children - Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, ARCH PED AD, 155(3), 2001, pp. 360-365
Objectives: To examine the relationship between television watching, energy
intake, physical activity, and obesity status in US boys and girls, aged 8
to 16 years.
Methods: We used a nationally representative cross-sectional survey with an
in-person interview and a medical examination, which included measurements
of height and weight, daily hours of television watching, weekly participa
tion in physical activity, and a dietary interview. Between 1988 and 1994,
the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected data o
n 4069 children. Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic blacks were oversampled
to produce reliable estimates for these groups.
Results: The prevalence of obesity is lowest among children watching 1 or f
ewer hours of television a day, and highest among those watching 4 or more
hours of tele- vision a day. Girls engaged in less physical activity and co
nsumed fewer joules per day than bays. A higher percentage of non-Hispanic
white bays reported participating in physical activity 5 or more times per
week than any other race/ethnic and sex group. Television watching was posi
tively associated with obesity among girls, even after controlling for age,
race/ethnicity, family income, weekly physical activity, and energy intake
.
Conclusions: As the prevalence of overweight increases, the need to reduce
sedentary behaviors and to promote a more active lifestyle becomes essentia
l. Clinicians and public health interventionists should encourage active li
festyles to balance the energy intake of children.