A meta-analysis to review organizational outcomes related to charismatic leadership

This study applied meta-analysis to assess the relationship between charism atic leadership style and leadership effectiveness, subordinate performance , subordinate satisfaction subordinate effort, and subordinate commitment. Results indicate that the relationship between leader charisma and leader e ffectiveness is much weaker than reported in the published literature when leader effectiveness is measured at the individual level of analysis and wh en common method variance is controlled Results also indicate a smaller rel ationship between charismatic leadership and subordinate performance when s ubordinate performance is measured at the individual level (r = 0.31) than when it is measured at the group level (r = 0.49 and robust across studies) . These results suggest that charismatic leadership is mol-e effective at i ncreasing group performance than at increasing individual performance. Othe r moderators rested did not account for a significant portion of variance i n the observed distribution of correlations, suggesting a need for further research into other potential moderators. Mete-analysis examining the effec ts of charismatic leadership on subordinate effort and job satisfaction rev ealed lower correlations when multiple methods of measurement were used, wi th little convergence toward stable population estimates.