Ethics in computer software design and development

Over the past 20 years, computer software has become integral and commonpla ce for operational and management tasks throughout agricultural and natural resource disciplines. During this software infusion, however, little thoug ht has been afforded human impacts, both good and bad. This paper examines current ethical issues of software system design and development in relatio n to privacy, accuracy, property, accessibility, and effects on quality of life. These issues are explored in the context of simulation models, databa ses. geographic information systems and artificial intelligence programs, e specially expert systems. New approaches to system development place a much higher emphasis on the effects of system deployment within a complex human environment. Software design decisions often depend on more than one ethic al issue, possibly conflicting, where the appropriate ethical choice is not always clear cut. Professional codes of ethics do little to change peoples ' behavior; rather, incentives for using an ethical approach to software de velopment may lie in significantly increased likelihood of system success. Crown copyright (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights rese rved.