Family- and school-related stresses in depressed Hungarian children

The aim of the study was 1)to identify recent and past life stresses as hav ing a significant differential risk of childhood depression versus other ch ildhood psychiatric illnesses, and 2) to establish if life stresses shared with other family members had a greater impact on the depression of the chi ld than events of only personal relevance. Using a recently developed semi- structured interview (Diagnostic Evaluation Schedule for Children and Adole scents Hungarian version, DESCA-H), 68 life events of a total sample of 526 children were investigated. Two hundred and fifteen depressed preadolescen ts (mean age 12.73 years, SD 2.58) were compared with identical variables o f 311 nondepressed mixed clinical controls (mean age: 10.91 years, SD 2.46) referred to child psychiatry care with other psychiatric symptomatology th an depression. The life event questionnaire part of the DESGA-H was adminis tered separately by means of lists of recent (within 1 year) and past stres ses (events prior to 1 year before the assessment). With the two series of life stresses, two separate logistic regression analyses were performed. Of past stressors, physical punishment of the child by teachers, serious fina ncial problems of the family and mental health problems of family members w ere found to be significant predictors of depression. From the series of re cent stresses, moving to a new school, somatic illness, death of relatives and mental health disorders of family members were proved to be independent risk factors of depression for the children. The findings suggest that sig nificant stresses of the child shared with other family members dominate in demarcating depressed children from nondepressed ones. School-related stre sses are critically discussed. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.