Substrate noise injection in large-scale CMOS logic integrated circuits is
quantitatively evaluated by 100-muV 100-ps resolution substrate noise measu
rements of controlled substrate noises by a transition-controllable noise s
ource and practical substrate noises under CMOS logic operations. The noise
injection is dominated by leaks of supply/return bounce into the substrate
, and the noise intensity is determined by logic transition activity, accor
ding to experimental observations. A time-series divided parasitic capacita
nce model is derived as an efficient estimator of the supply current for si
mulating the substrate noise injection and can reproduce the measured subst
rate noise waveforms. The efficacy of physical noise reduction techniques a
t the layout and circuit levels is quantified and limitations are discussed
in conjunction with the noise injection mechanisms. The reduced supply bou
nce CMOS circuit is proposed as a universal noise reduction technique, and
more than 90% noise reduction to conventional CMOS is demonstrated.