A diagnostic analysis of the Kennedy Space Center LDAR network 2. Cross-sensor studies

Range dependencies in total (intracloud and cloud to ground) lightning obse rved by the Kennedy Space Center Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) net work are established through cross comparison with other lightning sensors. Using total lightning observed from space by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), LDAR flash detection efficiency is shown to remain above 90% out to 90-100 km range, and to be below 25% at 200 km range. LDAR VHF source locat ion error distributions are also determined as a function of range and are found to be asymmetric with standard deviation increasing roughly as r(2). Range normalization schemes for total VHF source density are tested and sho wn to yield significant improvements in correlation with National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) ground flash density at hourly, daily, monthly, a nd climatological timescales (up to 50% over uncorrected source densities u sing an exponential-in-range correction factor with 40-50 km e-folding scal e).